Relatedness and relationships in the time of Covid-19

This chapter describes about the experiences of the pandemic and lockdown. The memories of these experiences in the present moment, are a recollection of these experiences. These recollections represent with more or less accuracy how they related to these events and experiences. All is about relatedness. The fundamental principle of relatedness is at the heart of what people try to 'attend to' as existential therapists and supervisors. Recently, there have been some challenges to this emphasis on relatedness, with the suggestion that this has become dogmatic and somehow covers over the experience of difference, individuality and aloneness. The very existence of the virus and its manner of spread arises from the relatedness to others and the relatedness to nature and the world. However, the pandemic, and the imposition of repeated 'lockdowns' and 'social distancing', if anything seems to highlight the existential dilemmas of relation-separation, connection-withdrawal in a highly stark, anxiety-provoking fashion. The pandemic and lockdowns have also affected couple relationships in myriad ways. Other couples have entered therapy due to the direct impact of the pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Grandparent-grandchild relationships and ethnic identity in asian and asian american undergraduate students

This study examined how Asian and Asian American grandparent-grandchild relationships related to ethnic identity in the context of COVID-19-related racial discrimination. Asian and Asian American grandchildren (N = 102) answered questions about discrimination, ethnic identification, grandparent-grandchild relationships, and ethnic behaviors. There was no significant relationship between exposure to discrimination and strength of ethnic identity, but strength of ethnic identity was a significant predictor of frequency of synchronous contact with grandparents and ethnic behaviors. Findings suggest that stronger ethnic identities in Asian and Asian American undergraduate students could be related to better relationships with their grandparents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Collaborative responses within a school community: Reflections from the COVID-19 experience

This chapter begins by presenting Xavier Educational Academy (XEA) and its mission, vision, and practices before the lockdown. It continues by sharing the challenges that the author and his community faced once in lockdown and the steps they took to create a community of care and belonging as they thought and worked together regarding finances;teaching;relationships with parents, teachers, and students;evaluations;and the preparation for the new school year. A very important component of the values at Xavier is the understanding of a relational approach to learning based on many of the underlying tenets of collaborative-dialogic practices. Graduation would be one of these challenging moments that provided the Xavier community an opportunity to think and create together. Teaching online via Zoom was one way in which one successfully responded to the needs of the students. A very important component of our values at Xavier is the understanding of a relational approach to learning based on many of the underlying tenets of collaborative-dialogic practices. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Interpersonal relationships and violence in the family system in confinement due to COVID 19 in Latin America: systematic review

Objective. Analyze interpersonal relationships and violence in the family system undergoing COVID-19 confinement in Latin America from 2020 to 2021. Methodology. The PRISMA method was used, 34 units of analysis were obtained, made up of original articles extracted from open access scientific databases in Spanish and Portuguese. In the search process, the definitive filtering, screening and screening was used, expressed in a flow diagram, graph and tables. Results. An increase in violent interpersonal relationships was observed in the confinement period, with a prevalence of intimate partner violence and child abuse. Conclusion. The systematic analysis carried out allowed to show the general panorama of how domestic violence affected interpersonal relationships and the need to carry out an immediate intervention plan to avoid the deterioration of interpersonal relationships in the family system and reduce the impact it has on health integral.

Three systems therapy: A treatment manual for relationship distress among military and veteran couples

Relationship distress with a spouse or intimate partner is common across civilian and military populations. An examination of the literature provides compelling evidence that such interpersonal conflict can profoundly affect an individual's physical and mental health, financial well-being, and overall functioning. Relationship distress increases the likelihood that one will experience various mental health disorders while also decreasing the efficacy of pharmacologic and therapeutic interventions to treat these disorders. Psychotherapeutic approaches to address couple dysfunction have been historically unreliable, and clinicians often struggle to improve couple functioning. Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) was developed in the 1980s and is an empirically based treatment for the treatment of distressed couples. EFT is an attachment-based, experiential psychotherapy which seeks to promote improved couple functioning and greater relationship satisfaction through repairing a couple's attachment bond. A treatment manual is proposed for active-duty military and veteran couples using EFT. This manual will address the unique circumstances and issues associated with military life and its aftermath by combining EFT principles with effective practices from other theoretical orientations. Integrating best practices from different theoretical orientations may potentiate the efficacy of EFT when administered via telehealth, an important consideration in the era of COVID-19. This is the first treatment manual designed to integrate EFT with other theoretical orientations via telehealth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Trust in educational leadership in times of crisis: The superintendent-teacher union leader trust dynamic

This qualitative case study explores the role that trust plays between the superintendent and the teacher union leader of a public school district in the Northeast United States during the COVID-19 pandemic using the framework of interpersonal trust-building (Zand, 1972). Further, it uses the five facets of trust (Tschannen-Moran, 2001) to identify the leadership practices that have the greatest impact on perceptions of trust in this relationship. Specifically, this study addresses the following research question: How, if at all, does trust influence the relationships and practices of educational stakeholders during times of crisis? Based on semi-structured interviews, document reviews, and observations, findings support previous research indicating that trust develops only with the benefit of time and, once established, allows for more direct communication and more efficient and collaborative problem-solving. Data also indicate that the facet of benevolence exerts the greatest impact on perceptions of trust in the superintendent's and teacher union leader's working relationship. Finally, the accumulation of shared experiences over time help develop a shared sense of identity between the superintendent and teacher union leader, resulting in stronger perceptions of trust and a greater sense of shared purpose. This shared sense of identity may also serve as a proxy for time, allowing parties to make assumptions about the other's future behavior based on perceived group memberships, thereby jump-starting the development of trust in the relationship. Recommendations include purposefully demonstrating benevolent behaviors in order to more effectively develop trust in a relationship and, whenever possible, communicating a shared sense of identity based on common values and beliefs. These findings have implications for district and school leaders who want to more intentionally establish trusting relationships and can inform the preparation, induction, and learning of district leaders. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic for the Well-Being of Emerging Adult Populations: A Synthesis of Findings From the COVID-19 Eating and Activity Over Time (C-EAT) Study

Research addressing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychosocial well-being and health behavior is accumulating;however, implications for emerging adult populations are underexplored. This manuscript synthesizes findings from a mixed-methods study of well-being, eating and activity behaviors, and food insecurity among a diverse, longitudinal cohort of emerging adults. The review includes findings from 11 original studies that involved collecting online surveys from 720 emerging adults and in-depth, virtual interviews with 33 respondents who were food insecure. Findings indicated the pandemic had widespread impacts on well-being. Population groups at greatest risk for poor outcomes included women;those who identified as Black, Indigenous, or a Person of Color;persons in households of low socioeconomic status;parents of young children;and persons who previously experienced mental health challenges or weight stigma. Further research will be needed to evaluate efforts to improve the well-being of emerging adults in the aftermath of the pandemic. © 2023 Society for the Study of Emerging Adulthood and SAGE Publishing.

How the pandemic affected Filipinx Americans: Analysis on enculturation levels, health care work, and mental health outcomes

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in numerous adverse mental health effects and subsequent disparities for many both in the United States and worldwide, which have been exacerbated in underrepresented and minoritized populations in the United States. The Filipinx American population makes up 4% of registered nurses in the United States, and more than half of the registered nurses of color who have died were FilAms. Given this disproportionate COVID-19 impact on the FilAm community, there is a need for disaggregated data of the diverse Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) community. In our sample of 332 FilAms, we explored the relationships between the levels of enculturation, COVID-19 traumatic stress, and depression and anxiety. We found significant high levels of depression and anxiety within our sample. Multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the relationship between dimensions of enculturation (connection to homeland, interpersonal norms, conservatism) and mental health outcomes. Results indicated significant associations between COVID-19 fears and connection to homeland and interpersonal norms, and traumatic economic stress and isolation and disturbed routine with interpersonal norms. However, we found significant indirect relationships between conservatism and two dimensions of the COVID-19 traumatic stress (COVID-19 fears and isolation and disturbed routine). Results also predicted positive associations between interpersonal norms with depression and anxiety, but an indirect relationship with conservatism. This study underscores the importance of disaggregated AAPI health data and addressing the needs of the underrepresented FilAm community. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement The findings of this study have theoretical and applied implications with regard to how community leaders, clinicians, and researchers decrease the gaps in health disparities and identify potential risk factors to increase well-being for Filipinx Americans. Aside from providing major contributions to the discipline of psychology, we hope that our findings will lead to advocacy work in disaggregating data for Asian Americans and subsequent development of public health policies to address mental health concerns for Filipinx Americans. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Does Belief in Conspiracy Theories Affect Interpersonal Relationships?

In recent years, researchers have begun to study the social consequences of conspiracy beliefs. However, little research has investigated the impact of conspiracy beliefs on interpersonal relationships. In this review, we draw attention to this issue by summarizing available empirical evidence and proposing potential social-psychological mechanisms to explain whether and why conspiracy theories affect interpersonal relationships. We firstly discuss that the attitude change that often accompanies the internalization of conspiracy beliefs might distance people's opinions and, consequently, erode their relationships. Furthermore, we argue that the stigmatizing value of conspiracy theories can negatively affect the evaluation of conspiracy believers and discourage others from getting close to them. Finally, we consider that the misperception of social norms associated with the acceptance of certain conspiracy narratives can lead conspiracy believers to engage in non-normative behavior. Others are likely to perceive such behavior negatively, resulting in diminished interpersonal interaction. We highlight the need for further research to address these issues, as well as the potential factors that may prevent relationships being eroded by conspiracy beliefs.

The association between COVID-19-related stressors and mental health outcomes for survivors of past interpersonal and non-interpersonal trauma

The mental health difficulties of trauma survivors during the COVID-19 pandemic have been under-reported. This study explored the moderating role of trauma history and trauma type (interpersonal and non-interpersonal) in the association between COVID-19-related stressors and depression, anxiety, and stress. A sample of n = 321 participants ages 19 to 71 (M = 36.63, SD = 10.36) was recruited from across the United States through MTurk. Participants reported the number of COVID-19-related stressors, trauma history and psychological symptoms. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses, controlling for age, race, ethnicity, gender, education, and income levels, were used to determine (a) whether COVID-19-related stressors are associated with adverse mental health outcomes;(b) whether trauma history and (c) trauma type moderated this association. Results revealed significant interactions;for those with a trauma history, exposure to COVID-19-related stressors was associated with higher levels of depression (beta = .21, p < .05) and anxiety (beta = .19, p < .05). For those with a history of interpersonal trauma specifically, COVID-19-related stressors were associated with depression (beta = .16, p < .05) more so than for those without a trauma history. These findings highlight the vulnerability of trauma survivors to the unprecedented COVID-19-related stress. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Conclusion to the special issue: Relationships in the time of COVID-19: Examining the effects of the global pandemic on personal relationships

This article serves as the conclusion of the special issue entitled "Relationships in the time of COVID-19: Examining the effects of the global pandemic on personal relationships." The special issue includes 29 research articles with authors and samples from 28 countries spanning all continents except Antarctica. Romantic relationships between two heterosexual partners were studied most often in the special issue articles, but studies also focused on family relationships, friendships, and relationships between strangers. This article provides a summary of the special issue and its three broad themes: (1) stress, turbulence, conflict, and coping;(2) loneliness, isolation, and mediated communication;and (3) reflecting and reframing in relationships. The article concludes with the special issue editors' reflections on relationship science and the pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Romantic love in the age of COVID-19

The article reflects on the importance of having a romantic love between the partners to cope up with the stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Authors decided to measure the love styles as romantic "attitudes," and did considerable research to develop a questionnaire to assess degree of agreement with the six love styles. Authors assumed that virtually everyone could agree to a greater or lesser extent with the questions reflecting each love style, and therefore people did not have to pick only one style as self-representative. Authors first published a long form of their scale called the Love Attitudes Scale (LAS) and later a shortened form of the scale named the Love Attitudes Scale-Short Form. Authors purpose is to propose ways in which these love styles/love attitudes might function in this incredibly challenging "in-your-face" time of COVID. The goal is to be helpful. As longtime scholars and marital partners (43 years), they are living this pandemic a day at a time, just as you are. This era of a global pandemic is unfamiliar and frightening to all who view its gravity in a clear-eyed fashion. Yet this is also a time when love and caring (in this case for a romantic partner) can deepen a relationship profoundly. We humans are far from perfect, but loving is in our nature. These love styles offer one way of viewing romantic, partnered love. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Changes in couples sexual behavior during the lockdown due to COVID-19 in Puerto Rico

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has brought adverse consequences in several areas of a person's functioning, including economic, work, family, and academic. One area that has been little investigated in Puerto Rico is the effect of confinement on couples' sexual behavior. The objectives of the present study were: (1) analyze whether there are statistically significant differences between the sexual satisfaction of the participants before and during quarantine;(2) examine whether there have been significant changes in the quality of intimate relationships during the quarantine;and (3) evaluate whether anxiety and COVID-19 anxiety significantly predict participants' sexual satisfaction during quarantine. The sample consisted of 392 adults, primarily women (87.5%). The main results reflected a decrease in the quality of the couple's relationship and sexual satisfaction during the quarantine. In addition, the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and sexual satisfaction during quarantine was low and negative. Although some differences turned out to be statistically significant, a look at these differences highlights that the differences were minimal at a practical and clinical level. Recommendations and practical implications are discussed from a clinical and counseling angle. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Spanish) La pandemia por coronavirus (COVID-19) trajo secuelas adversas en varias areas del funcionamiento de las personas, entre ellas economicas, laborales, familiares y academicas. Un area que no se ha investigado en Puerto Rico es el efecto de los encierros en la conducta sexual de las parejas. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron: (1) analizar si existen diferencias estadisticamente significativas entre la satisfaccion sexual de las personas participantes antes y durante la cuarentena;(2) examinar si se han producido cambios significativos en la calidad de las relaciones de pareja durante la cuarentena;y (3) evaluar si la ansiedad y la ansiedad por COVID-19 predicen la satisfaccion sexual de las personas participantes durante la cuarentena. La muestra consistio de 392 personas adultas en su mayoria mujeres (87.5%). Los resultados reflejaron una disminucion en la calidad de la relacion de pareja y en la satisfaccion sexual durante la cuarentena. La relacion entre ansiedad por COVID-19 y satisfaccion sexual durante la cuarentena fue significativa, baja y negativa. A pesar que algunas diferencias resultaron ser estadisticamente significativas, una mirada a dichas diferencias resalta que a nivel practico y clinico las diferencias fueron minimas. Se discuten recomendaciones e implicaciones para la clinica y consejeria. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

"It's been a good time to reflect on...who isn't worth keeping around": COVID-19, adolescent relationship maintenance and implications for health education

Purpose: This paper adds to the growing body of research examining the impacts of COVID-19 physical distancing measures on the everyday lives of young people. It draws on theories of "digital intimacies" and "relationship maintenance" to argue that young people's reflections on COVID-19, physical distancing and online relationships expose larger gaps in sex, relationships and health education pedagogies. Design/methodology/approach: Five semi-structured online focus groups were conducted with Canadian adolescents aged 16-19 probing their experiences of dating and platonic relationships during COVID-19. Narrative thematic analysis methods were used to develop themes outlining how physical distancing measures have affected young people's relationship norms, expectations and values. Findings: COVID-19 physical distancing measures and school closures appeared to create the conditions for some young people to productively reflect on the labor involved in the maintenance of their relationships in relation to considerations of proximity, reciprocity and distance. This labor was particularly articulated by female participants, many of whom expressed that life disruptions caused by COVID-19 catalyzed learning about their own relationship needs, desires and boundaries. Research limitations/implications: Results from this research are not widely generalizable, as each participant had a unique experience with COVID-19 physical distancing measures, schooling and in-person contact. Due to anonymity measures implemented, participant narratives cannot be confidently associated with demographic surveys that hampered the ability to offer an intersectional analysis of participant experience. Originality/value: Discussions of relationship maintenance and digital intimacies elucidate the limitations of health education's tendency to construct adolescent relationships as existing along binaries of "healthy" and "unhealthy." Health education might benefit from more meaningful integration of these concepts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Self-silencing in romantic relationships: Is it related to worse relationship conflict outcomes

Self-silencing (i.e., withholding one's true thoughts and feelings) is a behavior that romantic partners engage in to minimize conflict in their relationships, yet previous research has not directly examined its prevalence nor its effectiveness. Across four studies using multiple methods (total N = 1,601), we found evidence that self-silencing is a common relationship behavior, and one that may be associated with more and worse conflict. Specifically, we established that contrary to widespread lay beliefs in self-silencing's adaptiveness, it is associated with more frequent and more negatively-valenced conflict as well as lower conflict resolution. Furthermore, our findings suggest that lower subjective feelings of relational authenticity may help explain the counterintuitive association between self-silencing and worse conflict outcomes, but also that self-silencing and conflict may be bidirectionally linked. In our final, pre-registered study, we used a longitudinal dyadic approach to investigate couples during the COVID-19 pandemic and found that both actor's and partner's self-silencing were positively associated with conflict in the moment and that partner's self-silencing predicted greater conflict over time. Throughout our studies, we examined the effects of self-silencing alongside related constructs and processes (e.g., self-disclosure, emotional suppression) and found that self-silencing is uniquely associated with conflict. Taken together, these results suggest that when individuals withhold their thoughts and feelings from a romantic partner to avoid arguing in the moment, or when their partners do so, this may be associated with lower relational authenticity and worse conflict outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Feeling the absence of touch: Distancing, distress, regulation, and relationships in the context of COVID-19

During the COVID-19 pandemic, physical distancing guidelines were implemented to reduce viral spread, altering typical social interactions and reducing the amount of physical contact and affectionate touch many individuals experienced. The pandemic also caused psychological distress, perhaps in part related to reductions in affectionate touch with close others. We theorized that this would be particularly problematic for individuals reliant on affectionate touch to help regulate their emotions. Using online survey data collected nationwide from married or romantically partnered adults (N = 585), we examined how physical distancing (moderated by cohabiting with spouse/partner) and affectionate touch with close others (moderated by individual differences in typical use and efficacy of touch for affect regulation [TAR]) related to individual psychological distress and romantic relationship quality. As hypothesized, more physical distancing was associated with less affectionate touch among non-cohabiters, but surprisingly with more touch among cohabiters. Also as hypothesized, participants higher in TAR and experiencing less affectionate touch reported more psychological distress than those similarly high in TAR and experiencing more affectionate touch, or than those lower in TAR. Unexpectedly, more physical distancing was associated directly with lower psychological distress and better relationship quality. Better relationship quality was linked directly to more affectionate touch and greater endorsement of TAR. Thus, for those cohabiting in satisfying romantic relationships, physical distancing may facilitate relationship-positive behaviors. Further, individual differences in TAR may influence the potency of touch effects on mood and stress. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Mourning and restoration

During the endless days of March and April 2020, New York City experienced more than 20,000 COVID-19 deaths and was considered the "epicenter" of a new global pandemic. Nursing homes witnessed the virus's contagion at staggering rates, with elderly and debilitated patients coming in by the dozens, gasping for breath, scared they would die and never see their loved ones again. Our hospital and our lives were quickly transformed. The author spent most of his clinical effort during those months running a new eight-bed hospice unit in our hospital. The author then presents the story of a hospice patient, a fifty-nine-year-old Black male-to-female transgender homeless woman. She had been diagnosed with an aggressive squamous cell carcinoma. She underwent chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery, including a diverting colectomy, leaving her with a permanent ostomy. She had several other medical problems-chronic kidney disease, heart disease, diabetes, major depression, and chronic lymphedema. Taking care in her last days of life was agonizing. The possibility to have spent more time getting to know her. To explore her world and navigate the challenges of her health and condition together. This is the privilege of the doctor-patient relationship. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Intrapersonal and interpersonal processes associated with co-reflection and co-brooding

Depression is one of the most pervasive and debilitating psychiatric disorders, and it is thus imperative that research identifies factors that characterize depression vulnerability. Although subsyndromal depressive symptoms (i.e., dysphoria) are a depression risk factor, the way that an individual responds to negative emotions may also mitigate or prolong that emotional state, thereby modulating depression vulnerability. Much research on depression has examined how thinking about a negative event in the form of reflective rumination (problem-solving) and brooding rumination (focusing on negative events and their consequences) differentially predicts both depressive symptoms and maladaptive avoidance behaviors. Comparatively less research has examined the use of co-rumination, wherein dyads collaboratively co-reflect and co-brood. Notably, existing research does indicate that co-reflection and co-brooding subtypes are differentially associated with depressive symptoms, yet more research is needed to examine the robustness of this relationship. Additionally, less is known about intrapersonal and interpersonal processes that modulate the use of co-brooding and co-reflection, or the mechanisms through which these co-rumination subtypes modulate depression risk, especially during an ongoing negative event, such as Covid-19. The current study examined (a) the relationship between depression risk, co-rumination subtypes, and avoidance behaviors, (b) intrapersonal (e.g., personality) factors' association with co-rumination subtypes, (c) the association between co-ruminating partners' use of acceptance statements (positive regard and attentiveness) and challenge statements (goal motivation) on the use of co-rumination subtypes and avoidance behaviors, and (d) the relationship between co-rumination subtypes, negative events surrounding an ongoing stressor (Covid-19), and depression risk. Participants were undergraduate students from the University of Kansas' introductory psychology course who reported their interpersonal and intrapersonal rumination, affect, negative experience with Covid-19, avoidance behaviors, emotion reactivity and tolerance, neuroticism, and the frequency with which their close friend provides acceptance and challenge statements during problem-focused talk. Hierarchical multiple regression and moderation analyses indicated that neither co-rumination subtypes were associated with current depressive symptoms, and co-brooding was not associated with avoidance behaviors. Moreover, avoidance behaviors and intrapersonal rumination were not shown to moderate the relationship between co-brooding and current depressive symptoms. Regarding intrapersonal factors, emotion reactivity and emotion tolerance, but not neuroticism, were associated with use of co-rumination subtypes. Regarding acceptance and challenge statements, both were differentially associated with avoidance behaviors, and at higher levels, they interacted to predict decreased behavioral nonsocial avoidance. Finally, co-rumination subtypes did not moderate the relationship between negative events related to Covid-19 and current depressive symptoms. Results indicated that co-rumination subtypes may not always have an adaptive or maladaptive association with depressive symptoms;however, results indicated intrapersonal factors that can be used to identify individuals who might be more likely to use co-rumination subtypes. Additionally, although the current study did not find evidence to support the relationship between co-rumination and avoidance behaviors, it does appear that messages exchanged within a dyad can modulate the use of avoidance behaviors, which has implications for interpersonal treatment approaches targeting avoidance behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Affiliative responses to external stress in couples

Can stress ever be good for romantic relationships? Although it is well-established that stress can harm relationships (Karney & Bradbury, 1995;Randall & Bodenmann, 2009), stress may also bring people closer together (Taylor, 2011b). Specifically, recent research and theory suggest that when people experience acute and chronic stress that originates outside of the couple (i.e., external stress) and is moderate in intensity, they may show affiliative responses toward their partner (Clavel et al., 2017;Donato et al., 2018). Moreover, stressed women may be more likely to show affiliative responses toward their partner than stressed men (Taylor et al., 2000. Importantly, how much a person displays affiliative responses may not only depend on their own stress but also their partner's stress. However, there is currently little research examining both partners' stress and affiliative responses. Thus, the current dissertation examines affiliative responses in couples experiencing acute and chronic external stress. This research aims to understand (1) when external stress may be associated with more affiliative responses and (2) who may show more affiliative responses to external stress. In three studies, I examined stress and affiliation during the COVID-19 pandemic, during a laboratory stressor, and during a dyadic caregiving interaction with an infant simulator. I found that moderate acute stress may be associated with greater affiliation in women and lower affiliation in men, shared acute and chronic stressors may be associated with greater affiliation, and people may respond to their partner's stress by affiliating with their simulated infant. This work contributes important new information about how external stress may affect men and women in romantic relationships. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Collegiate decisions during COVID-19: Witness to a collective solicitude?

During the period of the first lockdown in France, the mobilization of the caregivers was strong. Collegiate decisions were reached to reorganize certain care activities and review our ways of doing things. It seems to us that we were able to show "collective solicitude". First, we determine what constituted this movement of solicitude. We use Paul Ricoeur's definition in his book Soi-meme comme un autre, and in particular the importance he gives to self-esteem. We also situated the fundamental place of the other in the construction of solicitude and more broadly in the care relationship. We then sought to know if this mobilization could be shared. We offer some possible answers and, above all, lines of reflection. How can we define a "we" in care other than what the institution offers us? In Ricoeur's work, the institution is defined as a place where interpersonal relations are set aside. What then are the resources, the conditions for succeeding in "being one"? This period was characterized for the caregivers by marked recognition of their function but also by considerable vulnerability. Finally, we endeavored to show "active solidarity". (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (French) Lors de la periode du premier confinement, la mobilisation des soignants a ete forte. Nous avons pris des decisions collegialement afin de reorganiser certains soins et revoir notre maniere de fonctionner. Il nous semble que nous avons pu faire preuve de << sollicitude collective . Dans un premier temps, nous avons determine ce qui est constitutif de ce mouvement de sollicitude. Nous nous sommes appuyes sur la definition de Paul Ricoeur dans son ouvrage, Soi-meme comme un autre et notamment sur l'importance qu'il accorde a l'estime de soi. Nous avons egalement situe la place fondamentale de l'autre dans la construction de la sollicitude et plus largement dans la relation de soin. Dans un deuxieme temps, nous avons cherche a savoir si cette mobilisation pouvait etre partagee. Nous offrons des pistes de reponse et surtout de reflexion. Comment definir un << nous soignant autre que ce que l'institution nous offre ? L'institution, chez Ricoeur, est definie comme un lieu ou les relations interpersonnelles sont depassees. Quelles sont alors les ressources, les conditions pour reussir a << faire corps ? Cette periode a ete marquee pour les soignants par une forte reconnaissance de leur fonction mais aussi par une forte vulnerabilite. De plus, nous avons espere faire preuve d'une << solidarite active . (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)